Publications

The European Union (“EU”) Artificial Intelligence Act (the AI Act) is a legal medley. Under the banner of risk-based regulation, the AI Act combines two repertoires of European Union (EU) law, namely product safety and fundamental rights protection. Like a medley, the AI Act attempts to combine the best features of both repertoires. But like a medley, the AI Act risks delivering insufficient levels of both product safety or fundamental rights protection. This article describes these issues by reference to three classical issues of law and technology. Some adjustments to the text and spirit of the AI Act are suggested.

In this paper, we perform a preliminary analysis of the technologies, firms and industries that may be affected by the possible futures of the metaverse, attempting to derive some hypotheses on the spatial effects of this process. We distinguish between two possible evolutive scenarios – the ‘metaverse shaped by reality view’ and the ‘metaverse shaping reality view’ – and factors affecting them, deriving implications for public policy planning. The first scenario presents relatively traditional core policy challenges: ensuring homogeneous availability of network infrastructures as well as the skills indispensable to catch the new technological opportunities at the local level, accompanying the reallocation of factors of production associated to disruption and addressing inequalities. In the second, the main challenge is more radical: to ensure that desirable features are incorporated in the emerging virtual worlds from the start.

[ITA] I recenti provvedimenti del Garante privacy nei confronti di ChatGPT, un sistema di intelligenza artificiale generativa di proprietà di OpenAI, sollevano riflessioni sul ruolo e la capacità delle autorità pubbliche di supportare l’innovazione tutelando al contempo i cittadini. Gli interventi del Garante mettono in luce l’impatto sull’attuazione amministrativa di una regolazione obsoleta - il Regolamento europeo generale sulla protezione dei dati - che contribuisce all’ineffettività dei provvedimenti rispetto agli obiettivi perseguiti. Neppure è risolutiva l’impostazione molto poco flessibile della proposta di Regolamento europeo sull’IA, laddove è invece auspicabile un mutamento del paradigma regolatorio alla base dell’intervento pubblico.
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The recent actions taken by the Italian Data Protection Authority against ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence system owned by OpenAI, prompt reflections on the role and ability of public authorities to support innovation while simultaneously protecting citizens. The interven- tions by the Privacy Authority shed light on the impact of an outdated regulatory framework, the European General Data Protection Regulation, on the regulatory delivery, thereby impeding the effectiveness of these measures in achieving their intended goals. Furthermore, the proposed European Regulation on Artificial Intelligence, with its rigid approach, fails to provide a definitive solution, as there is a need for ashift in the regulatory paradigm underlying public intervention.

La Consob ha pubblicato il Piano delle Attività di Regolazione per il 2023, che è stato predisposto in conformità all’articolo 2 del Regolamento sui procedimenti per l’adozione di atti di regolazione generale della Consob (delibera 19654 del 5 luglio 2016). Inoltre, è stato presentato anche l’aggiornamento del Piano delle Attività di Verifica d’Impatto della Regolamentazione, relativo al biennio 2022-2023.

(ITA)
Il contributo suggerisce l’affermarsi di un moderno principio di residualità non limitato ad informare il rapporto tra regolazione e concorrenza, ma che richiede una giustificazione dell’intervento pubblico in termini di effettiva necessità e ragioni specifiche che ne sono alla base, per spingersi ad informare contenuto regolatorio. Le ragioni risultano non solo arricchite rispetto a quelle tradizionali, ma anche disancorate da problemi già concretizzatisi per abbracciare una visione prospettica e anticipatoria.
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(ENG)
The paper suggests the rise of a modern principle of residuality, which exceeds the balance between regulation and competition. This principle calls for the justification of regulation in terms of necessity. Problem drivers should be also taken into consideration, as well as the regulatory content. The problem drivers appear to be enriched compared to the traditional ones, whilst also being disentangled from problems that have already materialized so as to embrace a prospective and anticipatory approach.

These two volumes collect twenty five articles and papers published within the “Governance of/through Data” research project financed by the Italian Ministry of Universities. The research project, which was promoted by Roma Tre University, as project lead, and saw the participation of professors and reseachers from Bocconi University in Milan; LUMSA University in Rome; Salento University in Lecce and Turin Polytechnic, cover multiple issues which are here presented in five sections: Algorithms and artificial intelligence; Antitrust, artificial intelligence and data; Big Data; Data governance; Data protection and privacy.

These two volumes collect twenty five articles and papers published within the “Governance of/through Data” research project financed by the Italian Ministry of Universities. The research project, which was promoted by Roma Tre University, as project lead, and saw the participation of professors and reseachers from Bocconi University in Milan; LUMSA University in Rome; Salento University in Lecce and Turin Polytechnic, cover multiple issues which are here presented in five sections: Algorithms and artificial intelligence; Antitrust, artificial intelligence and data; Big Data; Data governance; Data protection and privacy.

The AI Index is an independent initiative at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI), led by the AI Index Steering Committee, an interdisciplinary group of experts from across academia and industry. The annual report tracks, collates, distills, and visualizes data relating to artificial intelligence, enabling decision-makers to take meaningful action to advance AI responsibly and ethically with humans in mind.

The AI Index collaborates with many different organizations to track progress in artificial intelligence. These organizations include: the Center for Security and Emerging Technology at Georgetown University, LinkedIn, NetBase Quid, Lightcast, and McKinsey. The 2023 report also features more self-collected data and original analysis than ever before. This year’s report included new analysis on foundation models, including their geopolitics and training costs, the environmental impact of AI systems, K-12 AI education, and public opinion trends in AI. The AI Index also broadened its tracking of global AI legislation from 25 countries in 2022 to 127 in 2023.

The “Gatekeeper” approach to competition policy proceeds by identifying a few large firms as gatekeepers. It then applies aggressive competition rules to them while leaving others unaffected. Legislation that was considered last year in Congress would have done this. While that legislation failed to pass, the issue of competitive control of large firms remains alive and will certainly return.

The proposed American Innovation and Choice Online Act illustrates the problems of gatekeeper approaches. First, it selects for harsh treatment a portion of the economy that is generally outperforming the rest. Second, it limits its domain to online firms without any basis for thinking that competition problems are more serious in that portion of the market. Third, by defining covered firms by large firm size rather than product market share it misses anticompetitive actions by firms that are smaller overall but dominant in particular products. Finally, for those firms identified as gatekeepers it would prohibit a great deal of competitively harmless activity.